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Let's say you had one legit $20 and one really good photocopy of the same $20. If someone were to attempt to spend both the true bill and the imitation one, someone who took the problem of looking at both of those bills' consecutive numbers would see that they were the exact same number, and thus one of them had to be fictitious.

This isn't a great analogy--we will explain in more detail below. .

Once a miner has confirmed 1 MB (megabyte) worth of Bitcoin transactions, they are entitled to win the 12.5 BTC. The 1 MB limit was set by Satoshi Nakamoto, and is an issue of controversy, as some miners believe the block size should be increased to accommodate more information.

Note that I said that verifying 1 MB worth of transactions makes a miner qualified to earn Bitcoin--not everyone who supports transactions will get paid out.

1MB of transactions can theoretically be as small as 1 transaction (though this is not in any way common) or a few thousand. It depends on how much information the transactions take up.

In order to earn Bitcoin, you need to fulfill two conditions. One is a matter of effort, one is a matter of luck.

2) You have to be the first miner to arrive at the perfect answer to some numeric problem. This practice is also known as a proof of work.

The fantastic news: No advanced math or computation is involved. You may have heard that miners are solving difficult mathematical problems--that is not true in any way. What they're actually doing is trying to be the first miner to come up with a 64-digit hexadecimal number (a"hash")  which is less than or equivalent to the target hash.

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The bad news: Since it is guesswork, you need a good deal of computing power in order to get there . To mine , you need to have a high"hash rate," which is measured in terms of megahashes per second (MH/s), gigahashes per second (GH/s), and terahashes per second (TH/s).

If you want to estimate how much Bitcoin you why not find out more could mine with your mining rig's hash pace, the website Cryptocompare provides a helpful calculator.

Either a GPU (graphics processing unit) miner or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) miner. These can run from $500 into the tens of thousands.  Some miners--particularly Ethereum miners--buy individual graphics cards (GPUs) as a low-cost way to cobble together mining operations.  The photo below is a makeshift, high-tech mining machine.  The cards are such rectangular cubes with whirring circles.  Note the sandwich twist-ties holding the graphics cards to the metal pole.

Case in point I tell three friends that I'm thinking about a number between 1 and 100, and I write that number on a piece of paper and seal it in an envelope. My friends don't need to guess the exact number, they just have to be the first person to guess any number that is less than or equal to this number I am thinking of.

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Let us say I am thinking about the number 19. If Friend A guesses 21, they lose because 21>19. If Friend B supposes 16 and Friend C supposes 12, then they've both theoretically arrived at viable answers, because 16<19 and 12<19. There's no"extra credit" for Friend B, even though B's answer was nearer to the target answer of 19. .

In Bitcoin conditions, simultaneous answers happen frequently, but at the end of the day there can only be one winning answer. When multiple simultaneous answers are presented that are equivalent to or less than the target number, the Bitcoin network will determine by a simple majority--51 percent --which miner to honour. Normally, it is the miner who has done the work, i.e.

The losing block then becomes an"orphan block" .

Now imagine that I pose the"guess what number I am thinking of" question, however I am not asking just three friends, and I'm not thinking of a number between 1 and 100. Instead, I am asking millions of prospective miners and I'm thinking of a 64-digit hexadecimal number. Now you see that it is going to be quite difficult to guess the right answer.

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The number above has 64 digits. Easy enough to understand so far. As you probably noticed, that number consists not only of numbers, but also letters of this alphabet. Why is that

In order to understand these letters are doing in the middle of numbers, let's unpack the term"hexadecimal."

As you knowwe use the"decimal" system, which means it is base 10. This in turn means that each and every digit has 10 chances, 0-9.